{
  "accessUrl": "https://data.icos-cp.eu/objects/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO",
  "coverageGeo": {
    "geometry": {
      "coordinates": [24.9611, 60.20289, 26.0],
      "type": "Point"
    },
    "properties": {
      "label": "FI-Kmp"
    },
    "type": "Feature"
  },
  "fileName": "ICOSETC_FI-Kmp_FLUXES_L2.zip",
  "hash": "jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoOms1vjt58X0BD4oFm2TQ",
  "latestVersion": "https://meta.icos-cp.eu/objects/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO",
  "parentCollections": [],
  "pid": "11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO",
  "previousVersion": "https://meta.icos-cp.eu/objects/xMPpuuBp1__-yRRI3ZANS3Ab",
  "references": {
    "authors": [{
      "email": "leena.jarvi@helsinki.fi",
      "firstName": "Leena",
      "lastName": "Järvi",
      "orcid": "0000-0002-5224-3448",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/people/Leena_J%C3%A4rvi"
      }
    }, {
      "email": "tommy.chan@helsinki.fi",
      "firstName": "Tommy",
      "lastName": "Chan",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/people/Tommy_Chan"
      }
    }, {
      "email": "petri.keronen@helsinki.fi",
      "firstName": "Petri",
      "lastName": "Keronen",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/people/Petri_Keronen"
      }
    }, {
      "email": "pasi.kolari@helsinki.fi",
      "firstName": "Pasi",
      "lastName": "Kolari",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/people/Pasi_Kolari"
      }
    }, {
      "email": "erkki.siivola@helsinki.fi",
      "firstName": "Erkki",
      "lastName": "Siivola",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/people/Erkki_Siivola"
      }
    }],
    "citationBibTex": "@misc{https://hdl.handle.net/11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO,\r\n  author={Järvi, Leena and Chan, Tommy and Keronen, Petri and Kolari, Pasi and Siivola, Erkki},\r\n  title={ETC L2 Fluxes from Kumpula, 2017-12-31–2025-12-31},\r\n  year={2026},\r\n  url={https://hdl.handle.net/11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO},\r\n  publisher={Ecosystem Thematic Centre},\r\n  copyright={http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/icosLicence},\r\n  pid={11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO}\r\n}",
    "citationRis": "TY - DATA\r\nT1 - ETC L2 Fluxes from Kumpula, 2017-12-31–2025-12-31\r\nID - 11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO\r\nPY - 2026\r\nUR - https://hdl.handle.net/11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO\r\nPB - Ecosystem Thematic Centre\r\nAU - Järvi, Leena\r\nAU - Chan, Tommy\r\nAU - Keronen, Petri\r\nAU - Kolari, Pasi\r\nAU - Siivola, Erkki\r\nER - ",
    "citationString": "Järvi, L., Chan, T., Keronen, P., Kolari, P., Siivola, E. (2026). ETC L2 Fluxes from Kumpula, 2017-12-31–2025-12-31, ICOS RI, https://hdl.handle.net/11676/jQIA4EkPznVGZF2w1cIqjAoO",
    "licence": {
      "baseLicence": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0",
      "name": "ICOS CCBY4 Data Licence",
      "url": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/icosLicence",
      "webpage": "https://data.icos-cp.eu/licence"
    },
    "temporalCoverageDisplay": "2017-12-31–2025-12-31",
    "title": "ETC L2 Fluxes from Kumpula"
  },
  "size": 5647730,
  "specificInfo": {
    "acquisition": {
      "interval": {
        "start": "2017-12-31T22:00:00Z",
        "stop": "2025-12-31T22:00:00Z"
      },
      "station": {
        "countryCode": "FI",
        "id": "FI-Kmp",
        "location": {
          "alt": 26.0,
          "label": "FI-Kmp",
          "lat": 60.20289,
          "lon": 24.9611
        },
        "networks": [{
          "self": {
            "comments": ["European and Unaffiliated sites reference network."],
            "label": "European Fluxes Database",
            "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/networks/ETC/EUDB"
          },
          "website": "https://www.europe-fluxdata.eu"
        }, {
          "self": {
            "comments": ["Integrated Carbon Observation System European Research Infrastructure."],
            "label": "ICOS",
            "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/networks/ETC/ICOS"
          },
          "website": "https://www.icos-ri.eu/"
        }],
        "org": {
          "name": "Kumpula",
          "self": {
            "comments": ["The station Kumpula (having ICOS code FI-Kmp) is an urban ecosystem located in Helsinki, Finland. The station is situated on the University of Helsinki campus in Kumpula around 4 Km North-East of Helsinki City Centre. The site is characterized as \u001c an open low-rise\u001d  area according the local climate zone classification. Within 1 Km radius circle around the tower, 49% of the surface is covered with vegetation, 15% with buildings and 36% with paves surfaces. The surroundings can be divided into three areas: built, road and vegetation. At the built area in the North (320-40?) in the foreground of the tower the University of Helsinki campus buildings and Finnish Meteorological Institute are located (mean height 15 m) with further away suburban apartments with low building heights and small gardens. In the road area to the East (40-180?), a large road with 44 000 vehicles per workday passes the mast at closest distance of 150 m. There are also large crossroads with several traffic lights located in the area. The area between the road and the tower is covered with mixed broadleaf forest (e.g. Betula pendula Roth, Acer platanoides L., Populus tremula L., Quercus robur L., Ulmus glabra Huds., Salix caprea L. and Prunus padus L., mean tree height 10 m) and the area behind the road is covered with combined mix of residential and commercial buildings. In the vegetation area to the west (180-320?), the University Botanical Garden and City Allotment Garden are located resulting in a high surface fraction of vegetation. Here the vegetation is highly managed and consists of both native and non-native tree and shrub species including some agricultural vegetation. As the station is located in an urban area, there have been substantial land use changes in the past, but the surroundings were stabilized in 2000s and no recent changes have taken place."],
            "label": "FI-Kmp",
            "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/stations/ES_FI-Kmp"
          }
        },
        "pictures": ["https://fileshare.icos-cp.eu/s/w2ywsQGf5cQ8bEd/preview"],
        "specificInfo": {
          "_type": "etc",
          "climateZone": {
            "comments": ["A climate where there is at least one month colder than -3°C and precipitation is generally the same throughout the year. This climate is usually found between 45° and 55° latitude, but may extend up to 60° latitude."],
            "label": "Cold; warm summer, without dry season (Dfb)",
            "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/koppen_Dfb"
          },
          "discontinued": false,
          "documentation": [{
            "hash": "DMgOJgdLU4Gj59JK3zN5dXr8fKGk4vWi48_tLG-kbRU",
            "name": "FI-Kmp Associated ICOS Ecosystem Station Labelling Report.pdf",
            "res": "https://meta.icos-cp.eu/objects/DMgOJgdLU4Gj59JK3zN5dXr8"
          }],
          "ecosystemType": {
            "comments": ["Land covered by buildings and other man-made structures."],
            "label": "Urban and Built-Up Lands",
            "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/igbp_URB"
          },
          "labelingDate": "2019-11-21",
          "meanAnnualPrecip": 655.0,
          "meanAnnualRad": 108.6,
          "meanAnnualTemp": 5.9,
          "stationClass": "Associated",
          "stationDocs": [],
          "stationPubs": [],
          "theme": {
            "icon": "https://static.icos-cp.eu/images/themes/eco.svg",
            "markerIcon": "https://static.icos-cp.eu/share/stations/icons/es.png",
            "self": {
              "comments": [],
              "label": "Ecosystem data",
              "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/themes/ecosystem"
            }
          },
          "timeZoneOffset": 2
        }
      }
    },
    "columns": [{
      "label": "TIMESTAMP",
      "model": {
        "comments": [],
        "label": "TIMESTAMP (ISO)",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/timeStampColumn"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/iso8601dateTime",
      "valueType": {
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "time instant, UTC",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/timeStamp"
        }
      }
    }, {
      "label": "TIMESTAMP_END",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["end of measurement time window"],
        "label": "TIMESTAMP_END",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/etcTimestampEndCol"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/etcLocalDateTime",
      "valueType": {
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "time instant, local non-DST time",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/timeStampLocalNoDst"
        }
      }
    }, {
      "label": "FC",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Carbon Dioxide (CO2) turbulent flux (no storage correction)"],
        "label": "FC (CO2 turbulent flux)",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/FC"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of particles passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "particle flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/particleFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "carbon dioxide (CO2) flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/co2Flux"
        },
        "unit": "µmol m-2 s-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "H",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Sensible heat turbulent flux (no storage correction, cleaned)"],
        "label": "H",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/H"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of energy passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "energy flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/energyFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "sensible heat flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/sensibleHeatFlux"
        },
        "unit": "W m-2"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "H2O",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Water (H2O) vapor in mole fraction of wet air"],
        "label": "H2O",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/H2O"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["Magnitude of a part of a whole. Can be measured in percent, or be a number between 0 and maximum (inclusive)."],
          "label": "portion",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/portion"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": ["ratio of the amount of water molecules to the total amount of the molecules of the wet air"],
          "label": "H2O mole fraction",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/h2oMolarFraction"
        },
        "unit": "mmol mol-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "LE",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Latent heat turbulent flux (no storage correction, cleaned)"],
        "label": "LE (latent heat flux)",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/LE"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of energy passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "energy flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/energyFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "latent heat flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/latentHeatFlux"
        },
        "unit": "W m-2"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "SC",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Carbon Dioxide (CO2) storage flux"],
        "label": "SC (CO2 storage flux)",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/SC"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of particles passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "particle flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/particleFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "carbon dioxide (CO2) flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/co2Flux"
        },
        "unit": "µmol m-2 s-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "TAU",
      "model": {
        "comments": [],
        "label": "TAU",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/TAU"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["the rate of transfer of momentum across a unit area"],
          "label": "momentum flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/momentumFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "eddy covariance momentum flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/ecMomentumFlux"
        },
        "unit": "kg m-1 s-2"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "USTAR",
      "model": {
        "comments": [],
        "label": "USTAR",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/USTAR"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["distance per unit time"],
          "label": "velocity",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/velocity"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "friction velocity",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/frictionVelocity"
        },
        "unit": "m s-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "W_SIGMA",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Standard deviation of vertical velocity fluctuations"],
        "label": "W_SIGMA",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/W_SIGMA"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["distance per unit time"],
          "label": "velocity",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/velocity"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": ["Standard deviation of fluctuations"],
          "label": "standard deviation of fluctuations",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/fluctuationSd"
        },
        "unit": "m s-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "ZL",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Monin-Obukhov stability parameter"],
        "label": "ZL",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/ZL"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["unitless numeric quantity"],
          "label": "arbitrary number",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/number"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "Monin-Obukhov stability parameter",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/moninObukhovStability"
        }
      }
    }, {
      "label": "NEE",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Net Ecosystem Exchange CO2 (cleaned)"],
        "label": "NEE",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/ETC_NEE"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of particles passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "particle flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/particleFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "net ecosystem exchange",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/netEcosystemExchange"
        },
        "unit": "µmol m-2 s-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "CO2",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in mole fraction of wet air (from the EC gas analyser)"],
        "label": "CO2 (wet air mole fraction)",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/CO2"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["Magnitude of a part of a whole. Can be measured in percent, or be a number between 0 and maximum (inclusive)."],
          "label": "portion",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/portion"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": ["Carbon Dioxide (CO2) in mole fraction of wet air (from the EC gas analyser)"],
          "label": "CO2 (wet air mole fraction)",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/co2MixingRatioWet"
        },
        "unit": "µmol mol-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "NEE_UNCLEANED",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Net Ecosystem Exchange CO2 (NOT cleaned)"],
        "label": "NEE_UNCLEANED",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/ETC_NEE_uncleaned"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of particles passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "particle flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/particleFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "net ecosystem exchange",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/netEcosystemExchange"
        },
        "unit": "µmol m-2 s-1"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "LE_UNCLEANED",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Latent heat turbulent flux (no storage correction, NOT cleaned)"],
        "label": "LE_UNCLEANED",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/LE_uncleaned"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of energy passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "energy flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/energyFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "latent heat flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/latentHeatFlux"
        },
        "unit": "W m-2"
      }
    }, {
      "label": "H_UNCLEANED",
      "model": {
        "comments": ["Sensible heat turbulent flux (no storage correction, NOT cleaned)"],
        "label": "H_UNCLEANED",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/H_uncleaned"
      },
      "valueFormat": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/float32",
      "valueType": {
        "quantityKind": {
          "comments": ["amount of energy passing through unit area during unit of time"],
          "label": "energy flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/energyFlux"
        },
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "sensible heat flux",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/sensibleHeatFlux"
        },
        "unit": "W m-2"
      }
    }],
    "nRows": 140256,
    "productionInfo": {
      "contributors": [],
      "creator": {
        "name": "Ecosystem Thematic Centre",
        "self": {
          "comments": [],
          "label": "ICOS ETC",
          "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/organizations/ETC"
        }
      },
      "dateTime": "2026-04-01T09:32:43Z",
      "sources": []
    }
  },
  "specification": {
    "dataLevel": 2,
    "datasetSpec": {
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "label": "ETC fluxes",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/etcFluxesDataset"
      }
    },
    "documentation": [{
      "hash": "_Vb_c34v0nfTA_fG0kiIAmXMR4EBj5bGtvKEwE3o7zM",
      "name": "ICOSETC_Fluxes_product_description.pdf",
      "res": "https://meta.icos-cp.eu/objects/_Vb_c34v0nfTA_fG0kiIAmXM"
    }, {
      "hash": "tive6J2GP6n0kQcokzYXTr7WVGlkqWmBZgoBBHj-Vh4",
      "name": "Fluxes_Variables.csv",
      "res": "https://meta.icos-cp.eu/objects/tive6J2GP6n0kQcokzYXTr7W"
    }],
    "encoding": {
      "comments": [],
      "label": "zip",
      "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/zipEncoding"
    },
    "format": {
      "goodFlagValues": ["1", "0"],
      "self": {
        "comments": ["The first two columns are expected to be the beginning and the end of the averaging period in yyyyMMddHHmm format (no DST)"],
        "label": "ICOS ETC half-hourly product CSV",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/asciiEtcHalfHourlyProductTimeSer"
      },
      "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/ontologies/cpmeta/asciiEtcHalfHourlyProductTimeSer"
    },
    "keywords": ["carbon flux"],
    "project": {
      "keywords": ["ICOS"],
      "self": {
        "comments": ["Official ICOS data"],
        "label": "ICOS",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/projects/icos"
      }
    },
    "self": {
      "comments": ["Half-hourly eddy covariance fluxes, all the quality tests results, storage fluxes and footprint information calculated by the ICOS ETC starting from the raw data"],
      "label": "ETC L2 Fluxes",
      "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/cpmeta/etcL2Fluxes"
    },
    "specificDatasetType": "StationTimeSeries",
    "theme": {
      "icon": "https://static.icos-cp.eu/images/themes/eco.svg",
      "markerIcon": "https://static.icos-cp.eu/share/stations/icons/es.png",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "label": "Ecosystem data",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/themes/ecosystem"
      }
    }
  },
  "submission": {
    "start": "2026-04-01T07:32:43.593473660Z",
    "stop": "2026-04-01T07:32:50.846629485Z",
    "submitter": {
      "name": "Ecosystem Thematic Centre",
      "self": {
        "comments": [],
        "label": "ICOS ETC",
        "uri": "http://meta.icos-cp.eu/resources/organizations/ETC"
      }
    }
  }
}