The observation site is located on the north shore of Kasumigaura (Tamura-cho, Tsuchiura City, Ibaraki Prefecture ),where lotus fields extend about 3 km north-south and 1 km east-west along the lake shore.,The observation point is located in a field (20m x 50m) owned by Mr. Masao Otake, 300m inland from the lakeshore, and a 6m-high observation tower was erected in the center of the field. In the observation plot, Fukudaruma varieties were planted in mid-April, and the stems appeared above the water surface in mid-May. ,Flowering continued from early July to early September, the above-ground parts were cut in late October, and the lotus rootstock was harvested in mid-December.,The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
