Located in the center of the Lena River system, which stretches east to west from near Lake Baikal to the Sea of Okhotsk, it is conveniently situated as a base for trans-Siberian and Arctic Ocean expeditions along the Lena River.,Its winter temperature is the lowest among the world''s cities. ,On the other hand, in summer, despite its latitude, the temperature is relatively high, making it a typical continental climate with extremely large differences in temperature (in summer, the morning and evening temperatures are considerably cooler than the daytime heat, so the daily range is also large). It is also the largest city built on permafrost in the world, and many buildings are built on concrete piles.The turbulent fluxes of sensible heat, latent heat and CO2 were measured using the eddy covariance system.
