The Norunda research station, with ICOS code SE-Nor, is located in the southern part of the boreal forest zone (the nearest town is Uppsala, about 25 km to the South). The area is flat with small-scale variations in altitude and the site is dominated by Norway spruce and Scots pine with a small fraction of birch trees, and the shrub layer is dominated by blueberry, cranberry, moss, and flowers. The soils are sandy-loamy tills with high content of stones and blocks.